[Long term effect of high intensity interval training and flaxseed oil supplementation on the expression of genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport in male rats]

Background: The potential effect of exercise training with supplementation in improving fat metabolism and complications of lipid disorders is an interesting subject

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high intensity interval training and flax seed oil supplementation on liver and intestine ABCA1, SR-BI, ABCG1, LXR gene expression, as well as the concentration of HDL, LCAT and plasma lipids in male rats

Methods: Forty adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups [n=5] including control-saline, training-saline, control-flaxseed oil [With 3 doses], and training-flaxseed oil. The training groups were given high-intensity interval training [10 weeks, five sessions in week] on a rodent treadmill at 90-95% of VO2max and supplement groups also received flaxseed oil with three different doses [10, 20 and 30 mg/kg per cage]. Then rats were sacrificed and samples were collected

Results: The results showed that the training created a significant increase [P<0.01] in the expression of liver ABCA1 and ABCG1genes, intestine ABCA1, LXR and SRBI genes, as well as the plasma HDL and LCAT concentration. Supplements caused a significant decrease [P<0.001] in expression of liver ABCA1 genes. There was a significant and positive correlation between liver ABCG1 gene expression with plasma HDL and LCAT, as well as between intestine LXR gene expression with plasma HDL

Conclusion: Long-term consumption of even unsaturated oils may have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system, but high intensity interval training can bring health benefits by increasing the expression of genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport

[ frequency of musculoskeletal disorders in students of Tehran, Tehran, Iran]

Musculoskeletal disorders are common among children. Burden imposed on neck, shoulder and back areas by carrying schoolbags may result in musculoskeletal disorders in students. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of musculoskeletal symptoms and factors associated with these symptoms in students of Tehran. Three hundred and forty students participated in this Cross-sectional study. Students were selected from five primary and middle schools in five different regions of Tehran.Musculoskeletal disorder examination was based on Nordic Questionnarie and Body Map was used to determine the location of musculoskeletal pain and discomfort. Cluster sampling was applied to select the required statistical sample. Data using independent T-test, were analysed with significant level of p<0.05. Most common musculoskeletal discomforts were observed in shoulders 37.9%, neck 28.5% and lumbar 17.4% areas. The differences between the avarage weight of schoolbag in those cases who had muculoeskeletal discomforts with those without such disorders, were significant [p<0.05]. According to the results, there is a close relationship between the weight of schoolbag and musculoskeletal disorders in neck and/or shoulder and back in students. So, although it is believed that these disorders have different origin, carrying heavy schoolbags is very suspicious case in expressing these symptoms

[ investigation of prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and discomfort caused by them in students of Tehran]

Musculoskeletal symptoms among school students are common. Aim of this study was the study of prevalence of discomfort and musculoskeletal symptoms in students of Tehran. 340 primary and secondary school students participated in this study. Subjects from five different districts of Tehran - a school from each region- were selected. Nordic questionnaire was used for review of musculoskeletal symptoms and discomfort. Also body map was used to show location of musculoskeletal symptoms and discomfort. Shoulders and neck musculoskeletal discomfort and pain respectively were reported about 18.46 and 13.42%. Musculoskeletal pain in back was 8.5%. Also complaints from musculoskeletal discomfort and pain in upper and lower extremities respectively were 5.5 and 2.9 percent. Musculoskeletal symptoms are clearly seen in school students. These symptoms in upper trunk especially in shoulders and also in the neck region are more evident. These symptoms and discomforts often are not caused by disease and illness. So, there is a need for further research in this area to investigate the causes of these symptoms

Echocardiographic findings in professional wrestlers

Cardiac changes caused by different types of physical exercise have been reported by many studies. The aim of this study was to compare the cardiac parameters among wrestlers and control subjects by two-dimensional echocardiography. In this study, 32 wrestlers registered in an adult team of a wrestling club and competed in national wrestling league were selected. The control group included 30 age-matched students with normal level of activity. All subjects underwent at rest M-Mode echocardiography. The parameters determined and compared consisted of the interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular internal diameter [LVID] in diastole, ejection fraction [EF], left ventricular mass [LVM], posterior wall thickness [PWT], and left ventricular hypertrophy [LVH]. The mean values of LVID [50.3 +/- 5.3 VS. 46.8 +/- 5.3 mm], LVM [219.7 +/- 50.7 VS. 166.8 +/- 44.2 gr], PWT [10.1 +/- 1.4 vs. 8.6 +/- 1.3 mm], and the frequency of LVH [34.4%vs.13.3%] were significantly higher in wrestlers compared with those of the control group; however, there was no significant difference between interventricular septal thickness and ejection fraction in either groups. The present study showed that LVID, LVM, PWT and the frequency of LVH were significantly higher in wrestlers than in control subjects. This can result from regular exercise and physical activity. Increase in LVID was probably due to types of exercises in wrestlers that beside of strength training emphasis on endurance training. However, there was no significant difference between interventricular septal thicknesses